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Tahir ibn Husayn
Tahir ibn Husayn ((ペルシア語:طاهر بن حسین), (アラビア語:طاهر بن الحسين)), also known as Dhu'l-Yaminayn ((アラビア語:ذو اليمينين), "the ambidextrous"), and al-A'war ((アラビア語:الأعور), "the one-eyed"), was an Iranian general and governor during the Abbasid caliphate. Specifically, he served under al-Ma'mun during the Fourth Fitna and led the armies that would defeat al-Amin, making al-Ma'mun the ''caliph''. He was then rewarded as governor of Khorasan, which marked the beginning of the Tahirid dynasty.
== Early life ==
Tahir was born in Pushang which was a village near the ancient city of Herat in Khorasan. He was from a ''dehqan''〔''Sectarian and national movements in Iran, Khurasan and Transoxanial during Umayyad in early Abbasid times'', F. Daftary, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. IV, 57.〕 noble family who had distinguished themselves since the Abbasid Revolution, and were previously awarded minor governorships in eastern Khorasan for their service to the Abbasids.〔''The Tahirids and Saffarids'', C.E. Bosworth, The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 4, 91.〕 His grandfather Ruzaiq was a ''mawla'' of Talha ibn Abd-Allah al-Khuza'i, an Arab nobleman from the Khuza'a tribe, who served as the governor of Sistan. Ruzaiq's son Mus'ab was the governor of Pushang and Herat. Mus'ab's son, Husayn, who was the father of Tahir, continued to his father's role as the governor of Pushang and Herat. Tahir later succeeded him as the governor of Herat and Pushang.
Under the governor of Khorasan, Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan, there were riots in the province because of the latter's cruelty and persecution of other noble families, which included the family of Tahir; Tahir was imprisoned for some time and was mistreated. When he was released he fought on the side of Harthama ibn A'yan against Rafi ibn al-Layth in 808 when the latter rebelled at Samarkand, but when the Abbasid ''caliph'' Harun al-Rashid deposed Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan, and sent general Harthama ibn A'yan against Rafi, he returned to obedience. During the event, Tahir lost an eye after an accident, which gained him the nickname ''al-A'war'' ("the one-eyed"). Tahir seems to have been quickly offended if someone picked him about his eye, even threatening a poet, who had humiliated him about his lost eye in a poem. The caliph Harun al-Rashid later died in 809, and was succeeded by his son al-Amin.
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